| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|
| 题型 | Discuss Both Views（讨论类） |
| 话题 | 犯罪类 - 刑罚目的与监狱功能 |
| 关键词 | prisons, punish, rehabilitate, productive members of society |
| 考察能力 | 分析刑事司法的不同哲学基础 |
【开头段】
├── 背景：deep philosophical questions
├── 让步：recognise legitimate functions of punishment
├── 立场：rehabilitation should be primary goal
└── 理由：better serves individuals and society
【主体段1 - 惩罚派观点】
├── 论点1：retributive justice（intrinsically right）
├── 论点2：deterrent function
├── 论点3：protects public by removing
└── 论点4：closure for victims
【主体段2 - 改造派观点】
├── 核心论点：punishment fails to achieve ultimate goal
├── 现实：most prisoners will be released
├── 方案：education, training, therapy
├── 效果：address underlying causes
└── 经济论证：saves enormous costs
【主体段3 - 综合观点】
├── 立场：incorporate both, rehabilitation as guiding
├── 解释：punishment = framework of accountability
├── 澄清：not soft on crime, but smart approach
└── 证据：Norway, Netherlands lower reoffending rates
【结尾段】
├── 让步：punishment satisfies instinct, serves functions
├── 批评：solely retribution wastes potential
└── 总结：accountable while working toward transformation
| 词汇/短语 | 含义 | 用法示例 |
|---|
| retributive justice | 报应正义 | the principle of retributive justice |
| intrinsically right | 本质上正确的 | punishment is intrinsically right |
| instrumentally useful | 工具性有用的 | not merely instrumentally useful |
| deterrent function | 威慑功能 | serves a deterrent function |
| recidivism | 再犯率 | reducing recidivism saves costs |
| reintegration | 重新融入社会 | preparing inmates for reintegration |
| law-abiding | 守法的 | lead law-abiding lives |
| incalculable | 不可估量的 | incalculable cost of future victims |
| 原句 | 可迁移到 |
|---|
| "retributive justice" vs "rehabilitation" | 任何惩罚vs改善的讨论 |
| "intrinsically right" vs "instrumentally useful" | 伦理讨论、目的vs手段 |
| "not a soft approach, but a smart approach" | 任何需要澄清立场的话题 |
| "break the cycle of X" | 贫困、暴力、歧视话题 |
| "contribute to rather than harm society" | 社会角色、公民责任话题 |
